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| IJCEP Copyright © 2007-All rights reserved. |
| International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology |
Int J Clin Exp Pathol 1(5): 440-447;2008
Original Article
Cardiac Mitochondrial Membrane Stability after Deep Hypothermia using a Xenon
Clathrate Cryostasis Protocol – an Electron Microscopy Study
Sergey Sheleg, Hugh Hixon, Bruce Cohen, David Lowry and Mikhail Nedzved
IBPT LLC, Scottsdale, AZ, USA; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA and Pathology Department, Minsk State
Medical School, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
Received 21 Oct 2007; accepted with revision 12 Nov 2007; available online 1 January 2008
Abstract: We investigated a new cryopreservation method using xenon, a clathrate-forming gas, under medium pressure (100psi). The
objective of the study was to determine whether this cryostasis protocol could protect cardiac mitochondria at cryogenic temperatures
(below 100 degrees Celsius).We analyzed transmission electron microscopy images to obtain information about changes in
mitochondrial morphology induced by cryopreservation of the hearts. Our data showed absence of mitochondrial swelling, rupture of inner
and outer membranes, and leakage of mitochondrial matrix into the cytoplasm after applying this cryostasis protocol. The electron
microscopy results provided the first evidence that a cryostasis protocol using xenon as a clathrate-forming gas under pressure may have
protective effects on intracellular membranes. This cryostasis technology may find applications in developing new approaches for long-
term cryopreservation protocols. (IJCEP710007).
Key Words: Electron microscopy, cardiac tissue, mitochondria, cryopreservation, cryostasis, xenon, high pressure, clathrates, vitrification,
tissue banking, organ banking
Full Text PDF
Address all correspondences to: Sergey V. Sheleg, MD, IBPT LLC, Scottsdale, Arizona 85266, Email: Sergey.Sheleg@asu.edu
Original Article
Cardiac Mitochondrial Membrane Stability after Deep Hypothermia using a Xenon
Clathrate Cryostasis Protocol – an Electron Microscopy Study
Sergey Sheleg, Hugh Hixon, Bruce Cohen, David Lowry and Mikhail Nedzved
IBPT LLC, Scottsdale, AZ, USA; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA and Pathology Department, Minsk State
Medical School, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
Received 21 Oct 2007; accepted with revision 12 Nov 2007; available online 1 January 2008
Abstract: We investigated a new cryopreservation method using xenon, a clathrate-forming gas, under medium pressure (100psi). The
objective of the study was to determine whether this cryostasis protocol could protect cardiac mitochondria at cryogenic temperatures
(below 100 degrees Celsius).We analyzed transmission electron microscopy images to obtain information about changes in
mitochondrial morphology induced by cryopreservation of the hearts. Our data showed absence of mitochondrial swelling, rupture of inner
and outer membranes, and leakage of mitochondrial matrix into the cytoplasm after applying this cryostasis protocol. The electron
microscopy results provided the first evidence that a cryostasis protocol using xenon as a clathrate-forming gas under pressure may have
protective effects on intracellular membranes. This cryostasis technology may find applications in developing new approaches for long-
term cryopreservation protocols. (IJCEP710007).
Key Words: Electron microscopy, cardiac tissue, mitochondria, cryopreservation, cryostasis, xenon, high pressure, clathrates, vitrification,
tissue banking, organ banking
Full Text PDF
Address all correspondences to: Sergey V. Sheleg, MD, IBPT LLC, Scottsdale, Arizona 85266, Email: Sergey.Sheleg@asu.edu