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| IJCEP Copyright © 2007-All rights reserved. |
| International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology |
Int J Clin Exp Pathol 1(5):419-425;2008
Original Article
Expression of 14-3-3σ, P16 and P53 Proteins in Anal Squamous Intraepithelial
Neoplasm and Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Andres A. Roma, John R. Goldblum, Victor Fazio and Bin Yang
Department of Anatomic Pathology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio and Department of Colorectal Surgery, Division of
Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio.
Received 16 Nov 2007; Accepted with revision 4 Jan 2008; Available online 10 Jan 2008
Abstract: 14-3-3σ is a p53-regulated G2/M inhibitor involved in numerous cellular signaling pathways related to cell cycle, DNA repair and
apoptosis. Recent studies have showed that 14-3-3σ was silenced transcriptionally through promoter hypermethylation mainly in HPV-
negative vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). However, the expression of 14-3-3σ protein has not yet been studied in anal SCC and
its precursor, anal intraepithelial neoplasm (AIN). In this study, we evaluated the expression of 14-3-3σ, p16 and p53 in 34 cases of
normal perianal squamous mucosa, 5 cases of squamous hyperplasia and 62 cases of AIN, including 54 bowenoid and 8 differentiated
AINs. Fourteen cases of invasive anal SCC were also included in the study, including 8 cases associated with bowenoid AIN and 6 cases
associated with differentiated AIN. Expression of p16, p53 and 14-3-3σ proteins was not seen in normal squamous epithelium. Weak
staining for 14-3-3σ was seen in anal squamous hyperplasia. Strong and diffuse p16 immunoreactivity was seen in 98.1% of bowenoid
AIN, but only in 12.5% of differentiated AIN. In contrast, increased basal staining with suprabasal extension of p53 was seen in 100% of
differentiated AIN, but in none of the bowenoid AIN. Expression of p16 and p53 was essentially mutually exclusive except in one case.
Overexpression of 14-3-3σ was detected in 97% (60/62) of AIN cases, including 96.3% of bowenoid AIN and 100% of differentiated AIN.
Expression of 14-3-3σ was independent of immunoreactivity status for p16 and p53. In conclusion, two histopathologic types of AIN,
bowenoid and differentiated, have distinct immunoprofiles for p16 and p53, which suggests dual molecular pathways during anal
carcinogenesis. Increased expression of 14-3-3σ protein was found in approximately 97% of AIN lesions, regardless of histopathologic
type and independent of p16 and p53 expression. Our study indicates that immunohistochemical detection of 14-3-3σ in conjunction with
p16 and p53 may be useful in histopathologic recognization of AIN. (IJCEP711001).
Key Words: Anal intraepithelial neoplasm, AIN, Bowenoid, differentiated, simplex, p53, p16, 14-3-3σ
Full Text PDF
Address all correspondences to: Bin Yang, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Anatomic Pathology, L25, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland,
Ohio. Email: yangb@ccf.org
Original Article
Expression of 14-3-3σ, P16 and P53 Proteins in Anal Squamous Intraepithelial
Neoplasm and Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Andres A. Roma, John R. Goldblum, Victor Fazio and Bin Yang
Department of Anatomic Pathology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio and Department of Colorectal Surgery, Division of
Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio.
Received 16 Nov 2007; Accepted with revision 4 Jan 2008; Available online 10 Jan 2008
Abstract: 14-3-3σ is a p53-regulated G2/M inhibitor involved in numerous cellular signaling pathways related to cell cycle, DNA repair and
apoptosis. Recent studies have showed that 14-3-3σ was silenced transcriptionally through promoter hypermethylation mainly in HPV-
negative vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). However, the expression of 14-3-3σ protein has not yet been studied in anal SCC and
its precursor, anal intraepithelial neoplasm (AIN). In this study, we evaluated the expression of 14-3-3σ, p16 and p53 in 34 cases of
normal perianal squamous mucosa, 5 cases of squamous hyperplasia and 62 cases of AIN, including 54 bowenoid and 8 differentiated
AINs. Fourteen cases of invasive anal SCC were also included in the study, including 8 cases associated with bowenoid AIN and 6 cases
associated with differentiated AIN. Expression of p16, p53 and 14-3-3σ proteins was not seen in normal squamous epithelium. Weak
staining for 14-3-3σ was seen in anal squamous hyperplasia. Strong and diffuse p16 immunoreactivity was seen in 98.1% of bowenoid
AIN, but only in 12.5% of differentiated AIN. In contrast, increased basal staining with suprabasal extension of p53 was seen in 100% of
differentiated AIN, but in none of the bowenoid AIN. Expression of p16 and p53 was essentially mutually exclusive except in one case.
Overexpression of 14-3-3σ was detected in 97% (60/62) of AIN cases, including 96.3% of bowenoid AIN and 100% of differentiated AIN.
Expression of 14-3-3σ was independent of immunoreactivity status for p16 and p53. In conclusion, two histopathologic types of AIN,
bowenoid and differentiated, have distinct immunoprofiles for p16 and p53, which suggests dual molecular pathways during anal
carcinogenesis. Increased expression of 14-3-3σ protein was found in approximately 97% of AIN lesions, regardless of histopathologic
type and independent of p16 and p53 expression. Our study indicates that immunohistochemical detection of 14-3-3σ in conjunction with
p16 and p53 may be useful in histopathologic recognization of AIN. (IJCEP711001).
Key Words: Anal intraepithelial neoplasm, AIN, Bowenoid, differentiated, simplex, p53, p16, 14-3-3σ
Full Text PDF
Address all correspondences to: Bin Yang, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Anatomic Pathology, L25, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland,
Ohio. Email: yangb@ccf.org