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International Journal of Clinical and
Experimental Pathology
Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2(1), 11-20; 2009

Original Article
Pitfalls in Diagnostic Hematopathology: Part I

Xianfeng F. Zhao

Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD

Received 4 April 2008; Accepted and available online 21 April 2008

Abstract: Pitfalls in diagnostic hematopathology are underestimated and underreported. Major causes of diagnostic error in
hematopathology include: 1) inadequate material; 2) inadequate workup; 3) inadequate clinical correlation; 4) over or under interpretation;
5) challenges in hematopathology. In the first part of this review series, I will focus on the pitfalls in diagnosing and differentiating chronic
lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) and mantle cell lymphoma, and discuss the strategies to avoid potential
diagnostic errors based on my personal experience. (IJCEP804001).

Key Words: Hematopathology, pitfall, mantle cell lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic
lymphoma

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Address all correspondences to: X. Frank Zhao, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 S.
Pine Street, MSTF 611B, Baltimore, MD 21201, Tel: 410-328-2146, Fax: 410-328-5508, E-mail:
xzhao@umm.edu